Multiethnic Societies of Central Asia and Siberia Represented in Indigenous Oral and Written Literature

Central Asia and Siberia are characterized by multiethnic societies formed by a patchwork of often small ethnic groups. At the same time large parts of them have been dominated by state languages, especially Russian and Chinese. On a local level the languages of the autochthonous people often play a role parallel to the central national language. The contributions of this conference proceeding follow up on topics such as: What was or is collected and how can it be used under changed conditions in the research landscape, how does it help local ethnic communities to understand and preserve their own culture and language? Do the spatially dispersed but often networked collections support research on the ground? What contribution do these collections make to the local languages and cultures against the backdrop of dwindling attention to endangered groups? These and other questions are discussed against the background of the important role libraries and private collections play for multiethnic societies in often remote regions that are difficult to reach

Multiethnic Societies of Central Asia and Siberia Represented in Indigenous Oral and Written Literature

Central Asia and Siberia are characterized by multiethnic societies formed by a patchwork of often small ethnic groups. At the same time large parts of them have been dominated by state languages, especially Russian and Chinese. On a local level the languages of the autochthonous people often play a role parallel to the central national language. The contributions of this conference proceeding follow up on topics such as: What was or is collected and how can it be used under changed conditions in the research landscape, how does it help local ethnic communities to understand and preserve their own culture and language? Do the spatially dispersed but often networked collections support research on the ground? What contribution do these collections make to the local languages and cultures against the backdrop of dwindling attention to endangered groups? These and other questions are discussed against the background of the important role libraries and private collections play for multiethnic societies in often remote regions that are difficult to reach

Северные технологии и техника: информационная обеспеченность темы

The article represents databases for research information support on the problems related to providing northern regions with reliable equipment and technologies. It gives characteristics of information resources on cold regions engineering topic from foreign and Russian databases: IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ASCE Library, VINITI RAS, “Scientific Sibirica”. It analyses a documentary flow “Northern engineering and technology” selected from information array “Problems of the North”, which is a constituent part of DB with current replenishment “Scientific Sibirica” generated by the Department of Scientific Bibliography of the State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The documentometric analysis (a kind of bibliometric one) shows the chronological, quantitative, type-species, thematic structures of Russian documentsВ статье представлены базы данных для информационной поддержки научных исследований по проблемам, связанным с обеспечением северных регионов с надежным оборудованием и технологиями. Дана характеристика информационных ресурсов, касающихся проблем создания и работы техники в холодных регионах из зарубежных и российских баз данных: IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ASCE library, ВИНИТИ РАН, «Научная Сибирика». Анализируется документальный поток по теме «Северные технологии и техника в северном исполнении», выделенный из информационного массива «Проблемы Севера», который является составной частью БД с текущим пополнением «Научной Сибирики», генерированной отделом научной библиографии Государственной публичной научно-технической библиотеки общественного Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук. Потокометрический анализ (разновидность библиометрического) отражает хронологическую, типо-видовую, тематическую структуру российского документопоток

Северные технологии и техника: информационная обеспеченность темы

The article represents databases for research information support on the problems related to providing northern regions with reliable equipment and technologies. It gives characteristics of information resources on cold regions engineering topic from foreign and Russian databases: IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ASCE Library, VINITI RAS, “Scientific Sibirica”. It analyses a documentary flow “Northern engineering and technology” selected from information array “Problems of the North”, which is a constituent part of DB with current replenishment “Scientific Sibirica” generated by the Department of Scientific Bibliography of the State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The documentometric analysis (a kind of bibliometric one) shows the chronological, quantitative, type-species, thematic structures of Russian documentsВ статье представлены базы данных для информационной поддержки научных исследований по проблемам, связанным с обеспечением северных регионов с надежным оборудованием и технологиями. Дана характеристика информационных ресурсов, касающихся проблем создания и работы техники в холодных регионах из зарубежных и российских баз данных: IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ASCE library, ВИНИТИ РАН, «Научная Сибирика». Анализируется документальный поток по теме «Северные технологии и техника в северном исполнении», выделенный из информационного массива «Проблемы Севера», который является составной частью БД с текущим пополнением «Научной Сибирики», генерированной отделом научной библиографии Государственной публичной научно-технической библиотеки общественного Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук. Потокометрический анализ (разновидность библиометрического) отражает хронологическую, типо-видовую, тематическую структуру российского документопоток

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 methylation status in the circulating DNA from blood of patients with malignant and chronic inflammatory lung diseases

Along with other malignant diseases, lung cancer arises from the precancerous lung tissue state. Aberrant DNA methylation (hypermethylation of certain genes and hypomethylation of retrotransposons) is known as one of the driving forces of malignant cell transformation. Epigenetic changes were shown to be detectable in DNA, circulating in the blood (cirDNA) of cancer patients, indicating the possibility to use them as cancer markers. The current study is the first to compare the Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) methylation level in the blood from lung cancer patients before treatment versus different control groups as healthy subjects, patients with bronchitis and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The concentration of LINE-1 methylated fragments, region 1 (LINE-1 methylated, LINE-1-met) was estimated by quantitative methyl-specific PCR. The total concentration of the circulating LINE-1 copies was measured by qPCR specific for LINE-1 region 2, which was selected due to its CpG methylation-independent sequence (LINE-1-Ind). Both LINE-1 methylation level and LINE-1 methylation index (LINE-1-met/LINE-1-Ind ratio) was decreased in lung cancer patients compared with the joint control group (healthy subjects + patients with bronchitis + COPD patients) (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.016). We also found that the tendency of LINE-1 methylation index decreases in the cirDNA from lung cancer patients versus COPD patients (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.07). Our data indicate that the quantitative analysis of the LINE-1 methylation level in the cirDNA is valuable for discrimination of lung cancer patients from patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health